Old, but not less relevant topic.
I've done some research on cold-galvanisation and has found some interesting resources.
My research lead me to Zinga who are makers of a professional grade 96% zinc cold-galvanisation product:
https://www.zinga.eu/zingaspray/The product is also available for professional spray painting and is intended to protect unprotected iron and repair damaged galvanized iron. According to their website it is used in various different environments, including off shore and wind mill industries.
Now, in the subject of this thread, the question is how we can protect already rusty surfaces. Zinga's faq addresses this question, but the marketing language is unclear about the outcome of spraying rusty surfaces:
"The performance of ZINGA is, like any coating or paint, highly dependent on the degree of surface preparation before application. Therefore, ZINGA can be applied on a slightly rusted surface, but due to the barrier of rust between ZINGA and steel, the galvanic protection is affected and therefore the performance of ZINGA is reduced. Since ZINGA can offer a sustainable, longlasting protection of steel surfaces, it is profitable to invest in a thorough surface preparation which prevents premature failure of the coating."However, their section on surface preparation is a bit more helpful
https://www.zinga.eu/application/surface-preparation/ as it instructs the surface to be rough by blasting to SA 2.5. This designation is according to an ISO stanard and is explained on the web site, but I've included a picture from the site below and a PDF showing even more details too (link to the attachment:
http://www.matrasport.dk/forum/index.php?action=dlattach;topic=2502.0;attach=6662 )
Now, if sand blasting is not possible, Zinga SA 2 level clearnliness can be obtained by wire brush, and will also work, though not give quite the same level of protection:
"substrate should be grit blasted or slurry blasted to SA 2.5 (cleanliness) – or treated with a steel brush for small, non-critical applications. If the surface already has adequate roughness (due to weathering or previous blasting), the surface can also be cleaned to SA 2.5 by using UHP washing."Now, in the past, I've applied a product similar to Zinga to areas where I only obtained SA 2 cleanliness, and I find that the zinc binds very well to the metal, even to the level that when I brush clean it using a rotating brush, the zinc paint still sticks to the metal in a way paint cannot do.
I'm going to use zinga on all areas of my chassis that either has salty surfaces and therefore needs fresh protection, or are rusty. In both cases, I'll clean down to SA 2, spray the area, and leave it there, inspecting it regularly. The world is not perfect, but in my dreasm, I'm going to strip my chassis completely down, grit blast everything that's not perfect to SA 2.5, and paint it all over in Zinga, repeating that process every 20 years